- City Planner Robert Moses (1888-1981) was in charge of major public urban development projects in the NY metro area.
- Moses’ commissioned engineers to design infrastructure such that it maintains segregation. An example is his mandate that Southern State Parkway bridges be built low in order to prevent buses primarily used by blacks and hispanics from passing under and reaching beaches.
- Some claim that early American parkways tried excluding commercial vehicles to maintain aaesthetic. However, Moses’ parkway clearances were substantially lower than others.
